📖 今天要学习的句子
The Secret to Self-Control. IN 1971, as the Vietnam War was heading into its sixteenth year, congressmen Robert Steele from Connecticut and Morgan Murphy from Illinois made a discovery that stunned the American public. While visiting the troops, they had learned that over 15 percent of U.S. soldiers stationed there were heroin addicts. Follow-up research revealed that 35 percent of service members in Vietnam had tried heroin and as many as 20 percent were addicted—the problem was even worse than they had initially thought. The discovery led to a flurry of activity in Washington, including the creation of the Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention under President Nixon to promote prevention and rehabilitation and to track addicted service members when they returned home. Lee Robins was one of the researchers in charge. In a finding that completely upended the accepted beliefs about addiction, Robins found that when soldiers who had been heroin users returned home, only 5 percent of them became re-addicted within a year, and just 12 percent relapsed within three years. In other words, approximately nine out of ten soldiers who used heroin in Vietnam eliminated their addiction nearly overnight. This finding contradicted the prevailing view at the time, which considered heroin addiction to be a permanent and irreversible condition. Instead, Robins revealed that addictions could spontaneously dissolve if there was a radical change in the environment. In Vietnam, soldiers spent all day surrounded by cues triggering heroin use: it was easy to access, they were engulfed by the constant stress of war, they built friendships with fellow soldiers who were also heroin users, and they were thousands of miles from home. Once a soldier returned to the United States, though, he found himself in an environment devoid of those triggers. When the context changed, so did the habit.
自控力的秘密。1971年，当越南战争进入第16个年头时，来自康涅狄格州的国会议员罗伯特·斯蒂尔和来自伊利诺伊州的摩根·墨菲有了一个震惊美国公众的发现。在视察部队时，他们了解到驻扎在那里的超过15%的美国士兵是海洛因成瘾者。后续研究表明，在越南的服役人员中有35%曾尝试过海洛因，多达20%的人上瘾——问题甚至比他们最初想象的还要糟糕。这一发现导致了华盛顿的一系列活动，包括在尼克松总统的领导下成立了防止药物滥用特别行动办公室，以促进预防和康复，并在上瘾的服役人员回国后对他们进行追踪。李·罗宾斯是负责的研究人员之一。在一项彻底颠覆了公认的关于成瘾信念的发现中，罗宾斯发现，当曾经吸食海洛因的士兵回国后，只有5%的人在一年内再次上瘾，只有12%的人在三年内复发。换句话说，在越南吸食海洛因的士兵中，大约有十分之九的人几乎在一夜之间就戒掉了毒瘾。这一发现与当时的主流观点相矛盾，当时的主流观点认为海洛因成瘾是一种永久且不可逆转的状态。相反，罗宾斯揭示了如果环境发生根本性的改变，成瘾可能会自发地消失。在越南，士兵们整天被引发海洛因使用的线索所包围：很容易获得，他们被战争持续的压力所吞噬，他们与同样吸食海洛因的战友建立了友谊，而且他们离家数千英里。然而，一旦士兵回到美国，他发现自己身处一个没有这些触发因素的环境中。当情境改变时，习惯也随之改变。
The Secret to Self-Control.
自控力的秘密。
secret /ˈsiːkrət/
n. 秘密，秘诀
Ex: The secret to success.
例句翻译：成功的秘诀。
分析：名词，不为人知或只有少数人知道的事情。
self-control /ˌself kənˈtroʊl/
n. 自控力，自我控制
Ex: It takes a lot of self-control.
例句翻译：这需要很强的自控力。
分析：复合名词，控制自己情绪或行为的能力。
IN 1971, as the Vietnam War was heading into its sixteenth year, congressmen Robert Steele from Connecticut and Morgan Murphy from Illinois made a discovery that stunned the American public.
1971年，当越南战争进入第16个年头时，来自康涅狄格州的国会议员罗伯特·斯蒂尔和来自伊利诺伊州的摩根·墨菲有了一个震惊美国公众的发现。
heading into /ˈhedɪŋ ˈɪntuː/
phr. 进入，迈向
Ex: Heading into the new year.
例句翻译：迈入新的一年。
分析：动词短语，指开始进入某个时期或状态。
congressman /ˈkɑːŋɡrəsmən/
n. 国会议员
Ex: He was elected as a congressman.
例句翻译：他被选为国会议员。
分析：名词，通常指美国众议院的男性成员（复数 congressmen）。
stunned /stʌnd/
v. 使震惊（过去式）
Ex: The news stunned everyone.
例句翻译：这个消息震惊了所有人。
分析：动词，使某人感到非常惊讶或无法思考。
While visiting the troops, they had learned that over 15 percent of U.S. soldiers stationed there were heroin addicts.
在视察部队时，他们了解到驻扎在那里的超过15%的美国士兵是海洛因成瘾者。
troops /truːps/
n. 部队，军队
Ex: The president visited the troops.
例句翻译：总统视察了部队。
分析：名词复数，指士兵或武装力量。
stationed /ˈsteɪʃnd/
v. 驻扎（过去分词作定语）
Ex: Soldiers stationed abroad.
例句翻译：驻扎在国外的士兵。
分析：动词，指派（军队或人员）到某个地方工作。
addict /ˈædɪkt/
n. 成瘾者
Ex: A drug addict.
例句翻译：吸毒成瘾者。
分析：名词，对某种有害事物（如毒品）上瘾的人。
Follow-up research revealed that 35 percent of service members in Vietnam had tried heroin and as many as 20 percent were addicted—the problem was even worse than they had initially thought.
后续研究表明，在越南的服役人员中有35%曾尝试过海洛因，多达20%的人上瘾——问题甚至比他们最初想象的还要糟糕。
follow-up /ˈfɑːloʊ ʌp/
adj. 后续的
Ex: A follow-up study.
例句翻译：一项后续研究。
分析：复合形容词，指作为某事的继续而进行的行动。
reveal /rɪˈviːl/
v. 揭示，显示
Ex: The report revealed the truth.
例句翻译：报告揭示了真相。
分析：动词，使未知或隐藏的事物为人所知。
initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/
adv. 最初，起初
Ex: Initially, I was against the idea.
例句翻译：起初，我反对这个想法。
分析：副词，在开始时。
The discovery led to a flurry of activity in Washington, including the creation of the Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention under President Nixon to promote prevention and rehabilitation and to track addicted service members when they returned home.
这一发现导致了华盛顿的一系列活动，包括在尼克松总统的领导下成立了防止药物滥用特别行动办公室，以促进预防和康复，并在上瘾的服役人员回国后对他们进行追踪。
flurry /ˈflɜːri/
n. 一阵（忙乱或激动）
Ex: A flurry of excitement.
例句翻译：一阵激动。
分析：名词，指突然发生的短暂而活跃的活动。
prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/
n. 预防，阻止
Ex: Disease prevention.
例句翻译：疾病预防。
分析：名词，防止某事发生的行为。
rehabilitation /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 康复，恢复
Ex: A drug rehabilitation center.
例句翻译：戒毒康复中心。
分析：名词，帮助某人恢复健康或正常生活的过程。
track /træk/
v. 追踪，跟踪
Ex: Track the package.
例句翻译：追踪包裹。
分析：动词，跟随某人或某物的踪迹或进展。
Lee Robins was one of the researchers in charge.
李·罗宾斯是负责的研究人员之一。
researcher /ˈriːsɜːrtʃər/
n. 研究人员
Ex: A medical researcher.
例句翻译：一位医学研究人员。
分析：名词，从事仔细研究以发现新事实的人。
in charge /ɪn tʃɑːrdʒ/
phr. 负责，主管
Ex: Who is in charge here?
例句翻译：这里谁负责？
分析：介词短语，处于控制或指挥的地位。
In a finding that completely upended the accepted beliefs about addiction, Robins found that when soldiers who had been heroin users returned home, only 5 percent of them became re-addicted within a year, and just 12 percent relapsed within three years.
在一项彻底颠覆了公认的关于成瘾信念的发现中，罗宾斯发现，当曾经吸食海洛因的士兵回国后，只有5%的人在一年内再次上瘾，只有12%的人在三年内复发。
completely /kəmˈpliːtli/
adv. 彻底地，完全地
Ex: I completely forgot.
例句翻译：我彻底忘了。
分析：副词，在各个方面，全部地。
upend /ʌpˈend/
v. 颠覆，倒放
Ex: The theory upended traditional views.
例句翻译：该理论颠覆了传统观点。
分析：动词，使某物颠倒或彻底改变。
relapse /rɪˈlæps/
v. 复发，故态复萌
Ex: He relapsed into smoking.
例句翻译：他又恢复了吸烟的旧习。
分析：动词，指在好转之后再次恶化或回到坏习惯。
In other words, approximately nine out of ten soldiers who used heroin in Vietnam eliminated their addiction nearly overnight.
换句话说，在越南吸食海洛因的士兵中，大约有十分之九的人几乎在一夜之间就戒掉了毒瘾。
approximately /əˈprɑːksɪmətli/
adv. 大约，近乎
Ex: Approximately 100 people attended.
例句翻译：大约有100人参加。
分析：副词，用来表示数字或数量不完全准确但很接近。
eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/
v. 消除，根除
Ex: Eliminate the problem.
例句翻译：消除问题。
分析：动词，完全移除或摆脱某事物。
overnight /ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt/
adv. 一夜之间，突然
Ex: He became famous overnight.
例句翻译：他一夜成名。
分析：副词，在夜间发生，也常比喻非常快地发生。
This finding contradicted the prevailing view at the time, which considered heroin addiction to be a permanent and irreversible condition.
这一发现与当时的主流观点相矛盾，当时的主流观点认为海洛因成瘾是一种永久且不可逆转的状态。
contradict /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/
v. 与...相矛盾，反驳
Ex: His actions contradict his words.
例句翻译：他的言行不一。
分析：动词，表示相反的情况或说法。
prevailing /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/
adj. 盛行的，主流的
Ex: The prevailing opinion.
例句翻译：主流观点。
分析：形容词，在特定时间或地点最普遍的。
permanent /ˈpɜːrmənənt/
adj. 永久的，长期的
Ex: A permanent job.
例句翻译：一份长期的工作。
分析：形容词，持续很长时间或永远存在的。
irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/
adj. 不可逆转的
Ex: Irreversible damage.
例句翻译：不可逆转的损害。
分析：形容词，不能改变或恢复原状的。
Instead, Robins revealed that addictions could spontaneously dissolve if there was a radical change in the environment.
相反，罗宾斯揭示了如果环境发生根本性的改变，成瘾可能会自发地消失。
spontaneously /spɑːnˈteɪniəsli/
adv. 自发地，自然地
Ex: The crowd applauded spontaneously.
例句翻译：人群自发地鼓起掌来。
分析：副词，没有外部提示或计划地发生。
dissolve /dɪˈzɑːlv/
v. 消失，溶解
Ex: The tension began to dissolve.
例句翻译：紧张气氛开始消失。
分析：动词，这里指逐渐消失或结束。
radical /ˈrædɪkl/
adj. 根本的，彻底的
Ex: A radical change.
例句翻译：根本性的改变。
分析：形容词，指对基本原则或基础产生影响的重大改变。
In Vietnam, soldiers spent all day surrounded by cues triggering heroin use: it was easy to access, they were engulfed by the constant stress of war, they built friendships with fellow soldiers who were also heroin users, and they were thousands of miles from home.
在越南，士兵们整天被引发海洛因使用的线索所包围：很容易获得，他们被战争持续的压力所吞噬，他们与同样吸食海洛因的战友建立了友谊，而且他们离家数千英里。
trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/
v. 触发，引起
Ex: Trigger a reaction.
例句翻译：引发反应。
分析：动词，导致某事发生。
access /ˈækses/
n./v. 获得，接近
Ex: Easy to access.
例句翻译：容易获得。
分析：名词/动词，接近或使用某物的机会或权利。
engulf /ɪnˈɡʌlf/
v. 吞没，包围
Ex: Engulfed by flames.
例句翻译：被火焰吞噬。
分析：动词，完全包围或覆盖某物。
constant /ˈkɑːnstənt/
adj. 持续不断的
Ex: Constant noise.
例句翻译：持续不断的噪音。
分析：形容词，一直发生或一直存在的。
Once a soldier returned to the United States, though, he found himself in an environment devoid of those triggers.
然而，一旦士兵回到美国，他发现自己身处一个没有这些触发因素的环境中。
environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
n. 环境
Ex: A safe environment.
例句翻译：安全的环境。
分析：名词，周围的条件或影响。
devoid of /dɪˈvɔɪd əv/
phr. 缺乏...的，没有...的
Ex: A landscape devoid of life.
例句翻译：一片没有生命的景象。
分析：形容词短语，完全没有某物。
trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/
n. 触发因素，诱因
Ex: Identify your triggers.
例句翻译：找出你的触发因素。
分析：名词，导致特定反应或行为发生的事物。
When the context changed, so did the habit.
当情境改变时，习惯也随之改变。
context /ˈkɑːntekst/
n. 情境，环境
Ex: In a different context.
例句翻译：在不同的情境下。
分析：名词，形成事件、陈述或想法背景的各种情况。
change /tʃeɪndʒ/
v. 改变
Ex: Things will change.
例句翻译：事情会改变的。
分析：动词，变得不同。
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