Look around.Society is filled with highly engineered versions of reality that are more attractive than the world our ancestors evolved in.Stores feature mannequins with exaggerated hips and breasts to sell clothes.Social media delivers more “likes” and praise in a few minutes than we could ever get in the office or at home.Online porn splices together stimulating scenes at a rate that would be impossible to replicate in real life.Advertisements are created with a combination of ideal lighting, professional makeup, and Photoshopped edits—even the model doesn’t look like the person in the final image.These are the supernormal stimuli of our modern world.They exaggerate features that are naturally attractive to us, and our instincts go wild as a result, driving us into excessive shopping habits, social media habits, porn habits, eating habits, and many others.If history serves as a guide, the opportunities of the future will be more attractive than those of today.The trend is for rewards to become more concentrated and stimuli to become more enticing.Junk food is a more concentrated form of calories than natural foods.Hard liquor is a more concentrated form of alcohol than beer.Video games are a more concentrated form of play than board games.Compared to nature, these pleasure-packed experiences are hard to resist.We have the brains of our ancestors but temptations they never had to face.If you want to increase the odds that a behavior will occur, then you need to make it attractive.Throughout our discussion of the 2nd Law, our goal is to learn how to make our habits irresistible.While it is not possible to transform every habit into a supernormal stimulus, we can make any habit more enticing.To do this, we must start by understanding what a craving is and how it works.We begin by examining a biological signature that all habits share—the dopamine spike.
Society is filled with highly engineered versions of reality that are more attractive than the world our ancestors evolved in.
社会上充满了高度工程化的现实版本,它们比我们祖先进化时所处的世界更具吸引力。
engineered/ˌendʒɪˈnɪrd/
adj. 精心设计的,工程化的
Ex: Genetically engineered crops.
例句翻译:基因工程农作物。 分析:形容词,被设计或建造以达到特定目的的。
ancestor/ˈænsestər/
n. 祖先
Ex: Our early ancestors.
例句翻译:我们早期的祖先。 分析:名词,你很久以前的家人。
evolve/ɪˈvɑːlv/
v. 进化,发展
Ex: Evolve into something else.
例句翻译:进化成别的东西。 分析:动词,动植物经过漫长岁月的逐渐变化。
Stores feature mannequins with exaggerated hips and breasts to sell clothes.
商店用臀部和胸部夸张的假人模特来推销衣服。
feature/ˈfiːtʃər/
v. 以...为特色
Ex: The movie features a new actor.
例句翻译:这部电影以一位新演员为特色。 分析:动词,把某人或某物作为一个重要部分包括在内。
mannequin/ˈmænɪkɪn/
n. 假人模特
Ex: A store mannequin.
例句翻译:商店的假人模特。 分析:名词,商店里用来展示衣服的人体模型。
exaggerated/ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd/
adj. 夸张的
Ex: An exaggerated reaction.
例句翻译:夸张的反应。 分析:形容词,使某物显得比实际更大或更重要。
Social media delivers more “likes” and praise in a few minutes than we could ever get in the office or at home.
社交媒体在几分钟内提供的“点赞”和赞美,比我们在办公室或家里能得到的还要多。
deliver/dɪˈlɪvər/
v. 递送,提供
Ex: Deliver a message.
例句翻译:传递信息。 分析:动词,把东西带给某人或提供某物。
praise/preɪz/
n. 赞美,称赞
Ex: Win praise for her work.
例句翻译:她的工作赢得了赞扬。 分析:名词,表达赞许或钦佩的话语。
Online porn splices together stimulating scenes at a rate that would be impossible to replicate in real life.
在线色情将刺激的场景拼接在一起,其速度在现实生活中是不可能复制的。
splice/splaɪs/
v. 拼接,接合
Ex: Splice two ropes together.
例句翻译:把两根绳子拼接在一起。 分析:动词,把两部分(如胶片、磁带)连接在一起。
stimulating/ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/
adj. 刺激的,使人兴奋的
Ex: A stimulating discussion.
例句翻译:一场令人兴奋的讨论。 分析:形容词,引起兴趣或热情的。
replicate/ˈreplɪkeɪt/
v. 复制,重现
Ex: Replicate the experiment.
例句翻译:复制实验。 分析:动词,完全一样地做或制作某事。
Advertisements are created with a combination of ideal lighting, professional makeup, and Photoshopped edits—even the model doesn’t look like the person in the final image.
These are the supernormal stimuli of our modern world.
这些就是我们现代世界的超常刺激。
supernormal/ˌsuːpərˈnɔːrml/
adj. 超常的
Ex: Supernormal strength.
例句翻译:超常的力量。 分析:形容词,超出正常或平均水平的。
stimuli/ˈstɪmjəlaɪ/
n. 刺激物(复数)
Ex: Respond to external stimuli.
例句翻译:对外部刺激做出反应。 分析:名词stimulus的复数形式,引起反应的事物。
They exaggerate features that are naturally attractive to us, and our instincts go wild as a result, driving us into excessive shopping habits, social media habits, porn habits, eating habits, and many others.