📖 今天要学习的句子
We imitate the habits of three groups in particular: 1. The close. 2. The many. 3. The powerful. Each group offers an opportunity to leverage the 2nd Law of Behavior Change and make our habits more attractive. 1. Imitating the Close Proximity has a powerful effect on our behavior. This is true of the physical environment, as we discussed in Chapter 6, but it is also true of the social environment. We pick up habits from the people around us. We copy the way our parents handle arguments, the way our peers flirt with one another, the way our coworkers get results. When your friends smoke pot, you give it a try, too. When your wife has a habit of double-checking that the door is locked before going to bed, you pick it up as well. I find that I often imitate the behavior of those around me without realizing it. In conversation, I’ll automatically assume the body posture of the other person. In college, I began to talk like my roommates. When traveling to other countries, I unconsciously imitate the local accent despite reminding myself to stop. As a general rule, the closer we are to someone, the more likely we are to imitate some of their habits. One groundbreaking study tracked twelve thousand people for thirty-two years and found that “ a person’s chances of becoming obese increased by 57 percent if he or she had a friend who became obese.” It works the other way, too. Another study found that if one person in a relationship lost weight, the other partner would also slim down about one third of the time. Our friends and family provide a sort of invisible peer pressure that pulls us in their direction. Of course, peer pressure is bad only if you’re surrounded by bad influences. When astronaut Mike Massimino was a graduate student at MIT, he took a small robotics class. Of the ten people in the class, four became astronauts. If your goal was to make it into space, then that room was about the best culture you could ask for. Similarly, one study found that the higher your best friend’s IQ at age eleven or twelve, the higher your IQ would be at age fifteen, even after controlling for natural levels of intelligence. We soak up the qualities and practices of those around us.
我们特别会模仿三类人的习惯: 1. 亲近的人。 2. 多数人。 3. 有权势的人。 每个群体都提供了一个机会,让我们利用行为改变的第二定律,使我们的习惯更具吸引力。 1. 模仿亲近的人 接近度对我们的行为有强大的影响。正如我们在第6章中所讨论的,物理环境如此,社会环境也是如此。 我们从周围的人那里养成习惯。我们模仿父母处理争论的方式,模仿同龄人互相调情的方式,模仿同事取得成果的方式。当你的朋友抽大麻时,你也会去尝试一下。当你妻子有睡前反复检查门是否锁好的习惯时,你也会养成这个习惯。 我发现我经常在不知不觉中模仿周围人的行为。在交谈中,我会自动呈现出对方的身体姿势。在大学里,我开始像我的室友那样说话。去其他国家旅行时,尽管我提醒自己要停止,但我还是会下意识地模仿当地的口音。 作为一般规则,我们与某人越亲近,我们就越有可能模仿他们的一些习惯。一项开创性的研究对一万两千人进行了三十二年的跟踪调查,发现“如果一个人有一个变胖的朋友,他或她变胖的几率就会增加57%。”反过来也是如此。另一项研究发现,如果在一段关系中有一个人减肥了,另一个伴侣在大约三分之一的时间里也会瘦下来。我们的朋友和家人提供了一种无形的同侪压力,把我们拉向他们的方向。 当然,只有当你被不良影响所包围时,同侪压力才是糟糕的。当宇航员迈克·马西米诺在麻省理工学院读研究生时,他上了一门小型的机器人课。班上的十个人中,有四个成为了宇航员。如果你的目标是进入太空,那么那个房间几乎就是你能要求的最好的文化环境了。同样,一项研究发现,你在十一二岁时最好的朋友的智商越高,你在十五岁时的智商就会越高,即使在控制了自然智力水平之后也是如此。我们会吸收周围人的品质和做法。
We imitate the habits of three groups in particular: 1. The close. 2. The many. 3. The powerful.
我们特别会模仿三类人的习惯:1. 亲近的人。2. 多数人。3. 有权势的人。
imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/
v. 模仿,仿效
Ex: Parrots can imitate human speech.
例句翻译:鹦鹉能模仿人类的语言。
分析:指照着别人的样子做,是人类学习和社会化的重要方式。
particular /pərˈtɪkjələr/
adj. 特别的,特定的
Ex: I have nothing in particular to do today.
例句翻译:我今天没有什么特别的事要做。
分析:in particular 是固定搭配,意为“特别地,尤其”。
Each group offers an opportunity to leverage the 2nd Law of Behavior Change and make our habits more attractive.
每个群体都提供了一个机会,让我们利用行为改变的第二定律,使我们的习惯更具吸引力。
opportunity /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/
n. 机会,时机
Ex: This is a great opportunity to learn.
例句翻译:这是一个很好的学习机会。
分析:指做某事的有利条件或好时机。
leverage /ˈlevərɪdʒ/
v. 利用,充分利用
Ex: We need to leverage our resources effectively.
例句翻译:我们需要有效地利用我们的资源。
分析:原意为杠杆作用,在商业和自我提升语境中常指“利用现有资源或原则以获得最大效益”。
1. Imitating the Close
1. 模仿亲近的人
close /kloʊs/
adj. 亲近的,紧密的
Ex: We are very close friends.
例句翻译:我们是非常亲密的朋友。
分析:在这里 The close 作为名词化形容词,指关系亲密的人。
Proximity has a powerful effect on our behavior.
接近度对我们的行为有强大的影响。
proximity /prɑːkˈsɪməti/
n. 接近,临近
Ex: The hotel's proximity to the beach is a big advantage.
例句翻译:这家酒店靠近海滩是一大优势。
分析:指在空间、时间或关系上的靠近程度。
This is true of the physical environment, as we discussed in Chapter 6, but it is also true of the social environment.
正如我们在第6章中所讨论的,物理环境如此,社会环境也是如此。
physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/
adj. 物理的,物质的
Ex: We need to keep our physical environment clean.
例句翻译:我们需要保持我们的物理环境清洁。
分析:与 mental (精神的) 或 social (社会的) 相对。
We pick up habits from the people around us.
我们从周围的人那里养成习惯。
pick up /pɪk ʌp/
phrase. 染上(习惯),偶然学到
Ex: Children pick up languages very quickly.
例句翻译:孩子们学语言非常快。
分析:在此语境中,指在不知不觉中染上某种习惯或学会某种技能。
We copy the way our parents handle arguments, the way our peers flirt with one another, the way our coworkers get results.
我们模仿父母处理争论的方式,模仿同龄人互相调情的方式,模仿同事取得成果的方式。
handle /ˈhændl/
v. 处理,应付
Ex: He knows how to handle difficult situations.
例句翻译:他知道如何处理困难局面。
分析:指妥善解决问题或应对某种情况。
flirt /flɜːrt/
v. 调情,打情骂俏
Ex: He is always flirting with the waitresses.
例句翻译:他总是和女服务员调情。
分析:指表现出爱慕之情,但不一定是认真的。
When your friends smoke pot, you give it a try, too.
当你的朋友抽大麻时,你也会去尝试一下。
smoke pot /smoʊk pɑːt/
phrase. 抽大麻
Ex: It is illegal to smoke pot in many countries.
例句翻译:在许多国家抽大麻是违法的。
分析:pot 是口语中对大麻(marijuana)的俗称。
When your wife has a habit of double-checking that the door is locked before going to bed, you pick it up as well.
当你妻子有睡前反复检查门是否锁好的习惯时,你也会养成这个习惯。
double-checking /ˌdʌbl ˈtʃekɪŋ/
v. 再次检查,反复核对
Ex: I'm just double-checking the figures.
例句翻译:我只是在再次核对数据。
分析:指为了确保无误而进行第二次检查。
I find that I often imitate the behavior of those around me without realizing it.
我发现我经常在不知不觉中模仿周围人的行为。
realizing /ˈriːəlaɪzɪŋ/
v. 意识到,察觉到
Ex: He walked away without realizing his mistake.
例句翻译:他走开了,没有意识到自己的错误。
分析:realize 的现在分词,without realizing it 意为“不知不觉地”。
In conversation, I’ll automatically assume the body posture of the other person.
在交谈中,我会自动呈现出对方的身体姿势。
automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/
adv. 自动地,无意识地
Ex: The doors open automatically.
例句翻译:门会自动打开。
分析:在这里指不受意识控制地做出某种行为。
assume /əˈsuːm/
v. 呈现(姿态),假定
Ex: He assumed a relaxed posture.
例句翻译:他呈现出一种放松的姿势。
分析:除了“假设”,还可以表示“呈现出、采取”某种姿态或表情。
posture /ˈpɑːstʃər/
n. 姿势,体态
Ex: Good posture is important for your back.
例句翻译:良好的姿势对你的背部很重要。
分析:指坐着或站立时身体的姿态。
In college, I began to talk like my roommates. When traveling to other countries, I unconsciously imitate the local accent despite reminding myself to stop.
在大学里,我开始像我的室友那样说话。去其他国家旅行时,尽管我提醒自己要停止,但我还是会下意识地模仿当地的口音。
unconsciously /ʌnˈkɑːnʃəsli/
adv. 无意识地,不知不觉地
Ex: She unconsciously rubbed her nose.
例句翻译:她下意识地揉了揉鼻子。
分析:指在没有意识到的情况下做出的动作。
accent /ˈæksent/
n. 口音,腔调
Ex: He has a strong French accent.
例句翻译:他有很重的法国口音。
分析:指特定地区或社会阶层特有的发音方式。
despite /dɪˈspaɪt/
prep. 尽管,虽然
Ex: We went out despite the rain.
例句翻译:尽管下雨,我们还是出去了。
分析:表示让步关系,后面接名词、代词或动名词。
As a general rule, the closer we are to someone, the more likely we are to imitate some of their habits.
作为一般规则,我们与某人越亲近,我们就越有可能模仿他们的一些习惯。
general rule /ˈdʒenrəl ruːl/
phrase. 一般规则,通常情况
Ex: As a general rule, I don't work on weekends.
例句翻译:一般来说,我周末不工作。
分析:用于引出普遍适用的规律或情况。
One groundbreaking study tracked twelve thousand people for thirty-two years and found that “ a person’s chances of becoming obese increased by 57 percent if he or she had a friend who became obese.”
一项开创性的研究对一万两千人进行了三十二年的跟踪调查,发现“如果一个人有一个变胖的朋友,他或她变胖的几率就会增加57%。”
groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/
adj. 开创性的,突破性的
Ex: It was a groundbreaking discovery.
例句翻译:这是一项开创性的发现。
分析:指打破常规、具有重大创新意义的事物。
tracked /trækt/
v. 跟踪,追踪
Ex: The study tracked the progress of the patients.
例句翻译:这项研究跟踪了患者的进展。
分析:指持续记录或观察某人或某事物的发展。
obese /oʊˈbiːs/
adj. 肥胖的,过胖的
Ex: He is dangerously obese.
例句翻译:他胖得有危险。
分析:比 fat 更正式和医学化的用词,指极度超重。
It works the other way, too. Another study found that if one person in a relationship lost weight, the other partner would also slim down about one third of the time.
反过来也是如此。另一项研究发现,如果在一段关系中有一个人减肥了,另一个伴侣在大约三分之一的时间里也会瘦下来。
slim down /slɪm daʊn/
phrase. 变瘦,减肥
Ex: She is trying to slim down for the summer.
例句翻译:她正试图为夏天减肥。
分析:动词短语,指通过饮食或锻炼使身体变苗条。
Our friends and family provide a sort of invisible peer pressure that pulls us in their direction.
我们的朋友和家人提供了一种无形的同侪压力,把我们拉向他们的方向。
invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/
adj. 无形的,看不见的
Ex: The virus is an invisible enemy.
例句翻译:病毒是无形的敌人。
分析:指不明显但确实存在的。
peer pressure /pɪr ˈpreʃər/
n. 同侪压力,同辈压力
Ex: Teenagers often face peer pressure to smoke.
例句翻译:青少年经常面临吸烟的同侪压力。
分析:指同龄人或所属群体对个人产生的促使其顺从的压力。
Of course, peer pressure is bad only if you’re surrounded by bad influences.
当然,只有当你被不良影响所包围时,同侪压力才是糟糕的。
surrounded /səˈraʊndɪd/
adj. 被包围的
Ex: The house is surrounded by trees.
例句翻译:这房子被树木包围着。
分析:动词 surround 的过去分词,常搭配 by 或 with。
When astronaut Mike Massimino was a graduate student at MIT, he took a small robotics class. Of the ten people in the class, four became astronauts.
当宇航员迈克·马西米诺在麻省理工学院读研究生时,他上了一门小型的机器人课。班上的十个人中,有四个成为了宇航员。
astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/
n. 宇航员,航天员
Ex: He dreams of becoming an astronaut.
例句翻译:他梦想成为一名宇航员。
分析:指受过训练乘坐宇宙飞船进入太空的人。
robotics /roʊˈbɑːtɪks/
n. 机器人学,机器人技术
Ex: He is studying robotics at the university.
例句翻译:他在大学里学习机器人技术。
分析:研究机器人的设计、制造和应用的科学。
If your goal was to make it into space, then that room was about the best culture you could ask for.
如果你的目标是进入太空,那么那个房间几乎就是你能要求的最好的文化环境了。
make it /meɪk ɪt/
phrase. 获得成功,达到目标
Ex: He worked hard and finally made it.
例句翻译:他努力工作,最终获得了成功。
分析:常用口语短语,表示成功做成某事或到达某地。
Similarly, one study found that the higher your best friend’s IQ at age eleven or twelve, the higher your IQ would be at age fifteen, even after controlling for natural levels of intelligence.
同样,一项研究发现,你在十一二岁时最好的朋友的智商越高,你在十五岁时的智商就会越高,即使在控制了自然智力水平之后也是如此。
controlling for /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ fɔːr/
phrase. 控制...因素,排除...的影响
Ex: The results held true even after controlling for age.
例句翻译:即使在排除了年龄因素后,结果依然成立。
分析:统计学常用语,指在分析数据时消除某些变量的干扰。
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
n. 智力,才智
Ex: He is a man of high intelligence.
例句翻译:他是一个智商很高的人。
分析:指理解、学习和思考的能力。
We soak up the qualities and practices of those around us.
我们会吸收周围人的品质和做法。
soak up /soʊk ʌp/
phrase. 吸收(知识、影响等),吸水
Ex: Children soak up knowledge like a sponge.
例句翻译:孩子们像海绵一样吸收知识。
分析:生动的比喻用法,形容人不知不觉中受到周围环境或人的影响。
qualities /ˈkwɑːlətiz/
n. 品质,特质(复数)
Ex: Honesty is one of his best qualities.
例句翻译:诚实是他最好的品质之一。
分析:指人所具备的内在特征或性格。
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